APPENDIX Good

Brand-new admonitions obtained from the radio program “Co w mowie piszczy” [‘What is going on into the speech’] produced from the the brand new variations out of sibilants, transmit to the 7th regarding myself 3.

APPENDIX B: Topic

Rzadko kiedy dziadek sadza ja sama na kasie. Madzia caly czas musi patrzec czy kasa jest bezpieczna. Nasza gaza nie zawsze pokrywa koszty. Madzia we Kasia maja zakaz ubierania sie w pasiaste ubrania. Cale cialo ma byc zakryte. Czasem chodza create Kazia, zeby sie poskarzyc. Rady Kazia sa malo uzyteczne. Czesto i’m mowi „Ziarnko do ziarnka a beneficial uzbiera sie miarka”. Czasami zartuje, ze moj szalony braciak maczal w tym palce. W takich sytuacjach siadam w kuchni i pieke ciasto marchewkowe. Ta mazia, ktora czesto mi wychodzi nie smakuje nawet dziadkowi. Good jednak nie jest mi wade zal, bo nikt nie jest tak nadziany jak to your.

Even if she performs tough, Kasia is certainly going through tough times at your workplace. Rarely does grandfather create their remain alone at the view-out counter. Madzia needs to make certain new look at-away stop is secure. Our pay doesn’t always defense the costs. Madzia and Kasia has actually a ban with the using striped clothes. The entire human body must be shielded. Sometimes, each goes to help you Kazio in order to whine. Kazio’s advice is not all that helpful. The guy often tells her or him “A penny stored is anything gained”. Both We say jokingly you to definitely my crazy sibling has played a great part inside kissbrides.com flip through this site it. On particularly instances, We attend your kitchen and you will cook an effective carrot cake. The new material that often performance isn’t tasty for even grandpa. But I really don’t feel sorry for your just like the no one is since the rich when he is.

APPENDIX C: Mathematical Overall performance

Indicate viewpoints (kept column) and practical deviations (best line) out of formant wavelengths F1, F2, F3 of before (V1) and you will following vowel (V2) together with formant ranges out of V1 and you will V2.

Results of combined habits consequences Keep in mind that the new formula on the lmertest bundle we used for running mixed models showed that actually t-values higher than dos weren’t significant. Throughout the dining tables showed throughout the Appendix we lay people p-beliefs inside parentheses (three such circumstances altogether).

” tabindex=”0″> In summary, there clearly was research the alveolo-palatal sibilants show signs and symptoms of a general change in new pronunciation from specific ladies.

To your reason for the present data, half a dozen places about spectrogram of your code was indeed dependent on place the latest cursor at the pursuing the circumstances:

” tabindex=”0″> The frequency F? is the overall mean of all highest spectral peaks at the given acoustic landmark (mid of frication audio), round towards the nearby kHz. In Jesus and you can Shadle (2002) and you can Lousada ainsi que al. (2012), it was shown that this computation of F? and its rounding adapts well to finding the endpoint between the two parts of the spectra (low frequency part from 500 Hz to F? (m1) and high frequency part from F? to the highest frequency (m2)) (see Jesyou and Shadle 2002: 447 for further information). In Goodness and you will Shadle (2002), a value of cuatro,000 Hz are receive to have post-alveolar fricatives out of Western european Portuguese, and also in Lousada mais aussi al. (2012: 10), a worth of 3,900 Hz was located on burst of dental care finishes. Although not, in order to incorporate which measure to the current investigation, we had so you’re able to adapt it to the Gloss studies, assuming (which means that simplifying) that place of articulation is much more otherwise less consistent having corresponding phonemes. In our situation, we found a F? value of 5,000 Hz for all alveolo-palatals. Thus, m1 is the slope of the spectral regression line for the frequency range between 500 Hz and the corresponding F? value 5,000 Hz, and m2 is the slope of the spectral regression line for the range between the F? value of 5,000 Hz and 11,000 Hz.

The outcomes presented from inside the point step 3 are based on 699 tokens (394 that contains /?/ and you can 305 which has ; 325 tokens have been produced in brand new supplier sentence and 374 into the the words). The fresh new multidimensional investigation displayed in the section cuatro.1 is founded on 1942 tokens.

To the high volume variety (5,100 Hz so you’re able to eleven,100 Hz) there clearly was a mathematically significant difference among them alternatives, specifically, the fresh mountains of the regression traces of your the versions was steeper.

In a nutshell, the results point to extreme spectral differences between Standard Polish sibilants in addition to their the fresh versions. The study means that the brand new parameters included in the latest LDA was in a position to discriminate around 83.3% of the investigation when it comes to fricatives and you will 91.dos % of one’s data in the example of this new affricates.

4.dos. Sociolinguistic hypothesis

When you look at the share, such and many more studies suggest that decades, gender, societal class and other societal kinds and you will presenter services is actually extremely important determinants out-of phonetic type. In addition, it’s obvious one phonetic adaptation is not reducible so you’re able to anatomic variations. It might be contended you to definitely both age and you will sex enjoy a good part in the social shipping of your brand new variants off alveolo-palatals.

” tabindex=”0″> An identical linguistic trait has been understood regarding Songyaun dialect off Chinese, where women try stated to exchange /?/ with /s?/ regarding the standard lexical compare /s ? ?/ intoxicated by the new Beijinghua “female feature” (Li 2005;Beckman 2012). This situation directly the thing is the fresh new chatted about advancements inside the Gloss. Although not, that isn’t must think that the young women who embrace such phonetic variants “need certainly to” sound childish otherwise youthful. In another situation, the possibility was driven by the fellow stress which is perhaps not teleological. The young people just simulate the peers and also the desire to voice childish doesn’t constitute the top desire to the change. You will be able that stereotypes and you will stigmatisations try later pressed onto the the fresh new alternatives out-of sibilants from the earlier sound system. Non-teleological causes similar to this was basically recommended on the have fun with from creaky sound because of the American women (Yuasa 2010).

5. Summary and you can conclusion

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